One could argue, as many researchers have, that Neanderthals practiced fundamentally different patterns of behavior and that they were unable to compete in this new setting with the arrival of relatively high populations of technologically and symbolically more complex modern humans. Alternatively, one could argue that with the arrival of modern humans in Eurasia Neanderthals saw their behavioral and cultural niche being pinched out and no longer viable. Rather than changing their social and cultural patterns of behavior they were conceptually locked into their conservative system of behavior that had served them well in numerous contexts over millennia. (p. 237)
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